一、通(tong)電后電動機不能轉動，但無異(yi)響，也無異(yi)味和冒煙(yan)。 

1．故障原(yuan)因①電(dian)源未(wei)通（至少兩(liang)相未(wei)通）；②熔絲熔斷(duan)（至少兩(liang)相熔斷(duan)）；③過(guo)流(liu)繼電(dian)器調得過(guo)小(xiao)；④控制設備接線錯誤。 

2．故障排除(chu)①檢查(cha)電(dian)源回路開關，熔(rong)(rong)絲、接(jie)線盒處(chu)是否有斷點，修復；②檢查(cha)熔(rong)(rong)絲型(xing)號(hao)、熔(rong)(rong)斷原因(yin)，換(huan)新(xin)熔(rong)(rong)絲；③調節繼電(dian)器整定值與(yu)電(dian)動機配合；④改(gai)正接(jie)線。 

二、通(tong)電(dian)后電(dian)動機不轉，然后熔絲燒斷 

1．故障原因①缺(que)一相電(dian)(dian)源，或定(ding)干線(xian)圈一相反接(jie)；②定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組相間短路；③定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組接(jie)地(di)；④定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組接(jie)線(xian)錯(cuo)誤；⑤熔絲截面(mian)過小；⑤電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)短路或接(jie)地(di)。 

2．故障(zhang)排除①檢查刀閘是否有(you)(you)一相未合好(hao)，可(ke)電源回路有(you)(you)一相斷線；消除反(fan)接(jie)故障(zhang)；②查出(chu)短路點，予以修復；③消除接(jie)地(di)；④查出(chu)誤接(jie)，予以更正；⑤更換熔絲(si)；③消除接(jie)地(di)點。 

三、通電后電動機不(bu)轉有嗡(weng)嗡(weng)聲 

l．故障原因①定、轉子繞組有斷路(lu)（一相斷線(xian)）或電源一相失電；②繞組引出(chu)線(xian)始末端接錯或繞組內部(bu)接反；③電源回路(lu)接點松動，接觸電阻大(da)；④電動機負(fu)載過大(da)或轉子卡住；⑤電源電壓過低；⑥小(xiao)型電動機裝配太緊或軸承(cheng)內油脂(zhi)過硬(ying)；⑦軸承(cheng)卡住。 

2．故障(zhang)排除①查明斷(duan)點予以修復；②檢(jian)查繞組極性；判斷(duan)繞組末端是(shi)(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)確；③緊固松動的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)螺(luo)絲，用萬用表判斷(duan)各接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)假接(jie)(jie)(jie)，予以修復；④減載或查出并消(xiao)除機械故障(zhang)，⑤檢(jian)查是(shi)(shi)還(huan)把規(gui)定(ding)的(de)面接(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)誤接(jie)(jie)(jie)為Y；是(shi)(shi)否(fou)由于(yu)電源導線(xian)過細使壓(ya)降過大(da)，予以糾正(zheng)，⑥重新裝配使之(zhi)靈活；更換(huan)合格油脂(zhi)；⑦修復軸承。 

四、電(dian)動(dong)機起(qi)動(dong)困難，額定負載時，電(dian)動(dong)機轉速低于(yu)額定轉速較多 

1．故障(zhang)原因①電(dian)源電(dian)壓過低；②面接法電(dian)機(ji)誤接為(wei)Y；③籠型轉子(zi)開焊或斷裂；④定轉子(zi)局部線(xian)圈錯(cuo)接、接反；③修復電(dian)機(ji)繞組時增加匝數過多(duo)；⑤電(dian)機(ji)過載(zai)。 

2．故(gu)障(zhang)排除①測量電源電壓，設法改善；②糾(jiu)正(zheng)接(jie)法；③檢查開(kai)焊和斷點并修復(fu)；④查出(chu)誤接(jie)處，予以(yi)改正(zheng)；⑤恢復(fu)正(zheng)確匝數；⑥減載(zai)。 

五(wu)、電(dian)動機空載電(dian)流(liu)不平衡(heng)，三(san)相相差(cha)大 

1．故障(zhang)原因①重繞時，定(ding)子三相繞組匝數不相等；②繞組首尾(wei)端接錯(cuo)；③電(dian)源電(dian)壓不平(ping)衡；④繞組存在匝間短路(lu)、線圈反接等故障(zhang)。 

2．故(gu)障(zhang)排除(chu)①重新(xin)繞(rao)制定子繞(rao)組；②檢查(cha)并糾正；③測量電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓，設法消除(chu)不平衡；④峭除(chu)繞(rao)組故(gu)障(zhang)。 

六、電動(dong)機空載，過(guo)負載時(shi)，電流(liu)表指(zhi)針不(bu)穩(wen)，擺動(dong) 

1．故障原(yuan)因①籠型轉(zhuan)子導條開焊或(huo)斷條；②繞線型轉(zhuan)子故障（一相斷路）或(huo)電刷、集電環(huan)短路裝(zhuang)置接觸不良。 

2．故(gu)障排(pai)除①查出斷條予以修復或更換(huan)轉子；②檢查繞轉子回路(lu)并加以修復。 

七(qi)、電(dian)動(dong)機空載電(dian)流平衡，但數值大 

1．故障原(yuan)因①修復(fu)時(shi)，定子繞組(zu)匝數減少過多(duo)；②電源電壓過高；③Y接(jie)電動機誤接(jie)為Δ；④電機裝配中，轉子裝反，使(shi)定子鐵芯未對齊，有效長(chang)度減短；⑤氣隙過大或不均(jun)勻；⑥大修拆(chai)除舊繞組(zu)時(shi)，使(shi)用熱拆(chai)法(fa)不當，使(shi)鐵芯燒損。 

2．故障排除①重繞(rao)定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)，恢復(fu)正確匝(za)數；②設法恢復(fu)額定(ding)電(dian)壓；③改(gai)接為Y；④重新裝配；③更換(huan)新轉(zhuan)子(zi)或調整氣隙；⑤檢修鐵芯或重新計算繞(rao)組(zu)，適當增加(jia)匝(za)數。 

八(ba)、電(dian)動(dong)機運行時(shi)響聲不(bu)正常，有異響 

1．故(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)因(yin)①轉子(zi)與定(ding)子(zi)絕緣(yuan)紙或(huo)槽楔相(xiang)擦；②軸承(cheng)磨損(sun)或(huo)油內(nei)有砂粒等異物；③定(ding)轉子(zi)鐵芯(xin)松(song)動；④軸承(cheng)缺油；⑤風道填塞(sai)或(huo)風扇擦風罩，⑥定(ding)轉子(zi)鐵芯(xin)相(xiang)擦；⑦電源電壓過高或(huo)不平衡；⑧定(ding)子(zi)繞組錯接或(huo)短路。 

2．故障排除(chu)①修剪絕緣(yuan)，削低(di)槽楔；②更(geng)換(huan)軸承(cheng)或(huo)清洗軸承(cheng)；③檢修定、轉子鐵(tie)芯(xin)；④加油；⑤清理風道；重新(xin)安(an)裝(zhuang)置；⑥消(xiao)除(chu)擦痕，必(bi)要時(shi)車內小轉子；⑦檢查并調整電源(yuan)電壓；⑧消(xiao)除(chu)定子繞組故障。 

九、運行(xing)中(zhong)電(dian)動機振動較大 

1．故(gu)障(zhang)原因①由于磨(mo)損(sun)軸承(cheng)間隙過(guo)大；②氣(qi)隙不均勻；③轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)不平衡(heng)；④轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸彎曲；⑤鐵芯變(bian)形或(huo)松(song)動；⑥聯軸器（皮帶(dai)輪）中心未校正(zheng)；⑦風扇不平衡(heng)；⑧機殼(ke)或(huo)基(ji)礎(chu)強度不夠；⑨電動機地腳螺絲松(song)動；⑩籠型轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)開焊(han)斷路；繞(rao)線轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)斷路；加定子(zi)繞(rao)組故(gu)障(zhang)。 

2．故障(zhang)排(pai)除①檢(jian)修軸承，必(bi)要(yao)時更換；②調整(zheng)氣隙，使之(zhi)均(jun)勻；③校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)子動平(ping)衡(heng)；④校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)直轉(zhuan)軸；⑤校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)重疊鐵芯，⑥重新(xin)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)，使之(zhi)符(fu)合規定；⑦檢(jian)修風扇，校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)衡(heng)，糾正(zheng)(zheng)其幾何形狀；⑧進行加(jia)固；⑨緊固地腳(jiao)螺絲；⑩修復(fu)轉(zhuan)子繞組；修復(fu)定子繞組。 

十、軸承過熱 

1．故障原因①滑脂過多或(huo)過少；②油質(zhi)不好含有(you)雜質(zhi)；③軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)頸或(huo)端蓋(gai)配合(he)不當（過松或(huo)過緊）；④軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承內(nei)孔偏心(xin)，與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相擦；⑤電(dian)(dian)動機端蓋(gai)或(huo)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承蓋(gai)未裝平；⑥電(dian)(dian)動機與(yu)負載間(jian)聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器未校(xiao)正，或(huo)皮帶過緊；⑦軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承間(jian)隙過大或(huo)過小；⑧電(dian)(dian)動機軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)彎曲。 

2．故障(zhang)排(pai)除①按(an)規定加潤滑脂(zhi)（容積的1/3-2/3）；②更(geng)換清潔的潤滑滑脂(zhi)；③過松可用粘(zhan)結劑修(xiu)(xiu)復，過緊應車，磨軸(zhou)頸或端蓋內(nei)孔，使之適(shi)合；④修(xiu)(xiu)理軸(zhou)承蓋，消除擦點；⑤重(zhong)新裝配(pei)；⑥重(zhong)新校正，調整皮帶(dai)張(zhang)力；⑦更(geng)換新軸(zhou)承；⑧校正電機(ji)軸(zhou)或更(geng)換轉子。 

十一、電(dian)動機過熱(re)甚(shen)至冒煙 

1．故(gu)障(zhang)原因①電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓過高(gao)，使(shi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)發熱大(da)大(da)增加(jia)；②電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓過低，電(dian)動機又帶額定負(fu)載運行，電(dian)流過大(da)使(shi)繞(rao)(rao)組發熱；③修理拆(chai)除繞(rao)(rao)組時(shi)，采(cai)用熱拆(chai)法不當，燒傷(shang)鐵(tie)芯(xin)；④定轉(zhuan)子鐵(tie)芯(xin)相擦；⑤電(dian)動機過載或(huo)頻(pin)繁起動；⑥籠型轉(zhuan)子斷條；⑦電(dian)動機缺相，兩相運行；⑧重(zhong)繞(rao)(rao)后定于繞(rao)(rao)組浸漆不充分；⑨環境溫度高(gao)電(dian)動機表面污垢多(duo)，或(huo)通風(feng)道堵塞；⑩電(dian)動機風(feng)扇故(gu)障(zhang)，通風(feng)不良(liang)；定子繞(rao)(rao)組故(gu)障(zhang)（相間、匝間短路(lu)；定子繞(rao)(rao)組內(nei)部連接(jie)錯誤(wu)）。 

2．故(gu)(gu)障排除(chu)①降(jiang)低電(dian)源電(dian)壓（如(ru)調整(zheng)供(gong)電(dian)變壓器(qi)分接頭），若是電(dian)機Y、Δ接法錯誤引起(qi)，則應改正接法；②提高電(dian)源電(dian)壓或換粗供(gong)電(dian)導線；③檢修(xiu)鐵芯，排除(chu)故(gu)(gu)障；④消除(chu)擦點(dian)（調整(zheng)氣(qi)隙(xi)或挫、車轉子）；⑤減載；按規(gui)定(ding)次(ci)數控制起(qi)動；⑥檢查并(bing)消除(chu)轉子繞(rao)組故(gu)(gu)障；⑦恢復三相(xiang)運行；⑧采(cai)用二(er)次(ci)浸漆及真空(kong)浸漆工藝；⑨清洗電(dian)動機，改善(shan)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度，采(cai)用降(jiang)溫(wen)措(cuo)施；⑩檢查并(bing)修(xiu)復風扇，必要(yao)時更換；檢修(xiu)定(ding)子繞(rao)組，消除(chu)故(gu)(gu)障。