西門子840D加工(gong)中心(xin)報510008故障(四(si)小時(shi)修好解(jie)決)
控(kong)制該(gai)軸的電流(liu)控(kong)制器輸出超(chao)極限(xian),樓(lou)主檢查以下幾點:
.檢查該(gai)坐標的機械部分運行是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)正常,包括機械傳動的各個(ge)環節,具(ju)體檢查項(xiang)目包括,如該(gai)軸(zhou)電(dian)機與工作(zuo)臺絲杠的連接是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)可(ke)靠,間(jian)隙(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)適當,導軌、絲杠潤滑油路是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)正常,潤滑是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)充(chong)足。可(ke)以將電(dian)機與絲杠脫(tuo)開,用手輕(qing)輕(qing)盤動絲杠,正常時應(ying)感覺平穩,無(wu)滯澀、停頓感,否(fou)(fou)則,應(ying)判定絲杠軸(zhou)承損壞,進行更換,
.該通道電機的電纜接頭有(you)無燒黑或者接觸不良現象(xiang),
.電機是否缺相,
.驅動器的直(zhi)流母(mu)線的連接,
.該軸的控制單元,可以更換(huan)做實驗,
.該軸的功率單元,可以更換做(zuo)實驗(yan),
系(xi)統參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)檢查法:現在(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)操作系(xi)統自(zi)診斷功(gong)能(neng)越來(lai)(lai)越強,數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)大(da)部分故(gu)障都能(neng)診斷出(chu)來(lai)(lai)。當數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床出(chu)現故(gu)障時,有(you)時在(zai)顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)上(shang)顯(xian)(xian)示報(bao)警信息,有(you)時在(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)裝置上(shang)、PLC 裝置上(shang)和驅動(dong)裝置上(shang)還會有(you)報(bao)警裝置,例如報(bao)警燈會閃爍(shuo),蜂鳴等。這時首先要檢查維修說明書(shu),查看相對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)置。系(xi)統參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)丟失、不正(zheng)確(que)設(she)置都會引起(qi)機(ji)(ji)床性能(neng)的(de)(de)改變或故(gu)障 。例如FANUC系(xi)統機(ji)(ji)床自(zi)動(dong)加工中機(ji)(ji)床刀(dao)架停止運動(dong)并且屏幕顯(xian)(xian)示500,501報(bao)警,查詢參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)手冊得(de)知對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)存儲行(xing)程限(xian)位正(zheng)負極限(xian)值超出(chu),這時可將(jiang)機(ji)(ji)床改為(wei)手搖狀態搖動(dong)刀(dao)架至(zhi)正(zheng)確(que)行(xing)程范圍(wei)并改正(zheng)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),報(bao)警即可解除。
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復(fu)位機床法:在加工中,由(you)于瞬(shun)時故障引起(qi)的系(xi)統(tong)(tong)報警,可采用硬件復(fu)位或(huo)者打開關(guan)閉系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電源依次來清除故障,若系(xi)統(tong)(tong)工作存(cun)貯區由(you)于掉電、拔插線路板或(huo)電池欠壓所造(zao)成的系(xi)統(tong)(tong)混亂,則必須對系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進行初始化清除,在清除前應注(zhu)意做好重要數(shu)據的拷貝記錄,若初始化后故障仍無法排除,則進行硬件診斷。
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測量(liang)診斷法:測量(liang)法是診斷設備故障的基本方法,我們可(ke)(ke)以使用(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)、示波(bo)(bo)器(qi)、邏輯測試儀等(deng)儀器(qi)對(dui)電子線(xian)路(lu)進行測量(liang)。例如(ru)(ru),確(que)定數控系統三相(xiang)(xiang)電源的相(xiang)(xiang)序(xu)時可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)相(xiang)(xiang)序(xu)表(biao)(biao)測量(liang),即將三相(xiang)(xiang)電源線(xian)接(jie)到相(xiang)(xiang)序(xu)表(biao)(biao),當(dang)相(xiang)(xiang)序(xu)正確(que)時,相(xiang)(xiang)序(xu)表(biao)(biao)按順時針方向旋轉(zhuan),反之則(ze)逆。也可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙通道示波(bo)(bo)器(qi)測量(liang),如(ru)(ru)果相(xiang)(xiang)序(xu)正確(que),則(ze)每兩相(xiang)(xiang)的波(bo)(bo)形在相(xiang)(xiang)位上相(xiang)(xiang)差120°。
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原(yuan)(yuan)理分(fen)析法(fa):當其他維修方法(fa)難以解決故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)(shi),可(ke)以從機(ji)(ji)床工(gong)作的(de)(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)(yuan)理出(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)一步一步進行(xing)檢(jian)查(cha),最(zui)終(zhong)查(cha)出(chu)(chu)(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)因。例如,筆者曾遇到一臺采(cai)用(yong) FANUC 0iTD系統(tong)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床,加工(gong)螺紋(wen)時(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)亂(luan)牙的(de)(de)現(xian)象,根(gen)據數(shu)控系統(tong)位(wei)(wei)置控制的(de)(de)基(ji)本原(yuan)(yuan)理,基(ji)本可(ke)以確定故(gu)障(zhang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai)旋轉編碼器(qi)上,而且很有可(ke)能(neng)是反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)信號(hao)丟失,這(zhe)樣,一旦(dan)數(shu)控裝置給出(chu)(chu)(chu)進給量的(de)(de)指(zhi)令(ling)位(wei)(wei)置,那么(me)反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)回來的(de)(de)實際位(wei)(wei)置就會(hui)始終(zhong)不正確,位(wei)(wei)置誤差始終(zhong)不能(neng)消(xiao)除,導(dao)致螺紋(wen)插補出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)問題。當拆(chai)下脈(mo)沖編碼器(qi)進行(xing)檢(jian)查(cha)時(shi)(shi),發(fa)現(xian)編碼器(qi)里面的(de)(de)燈絲已斷,導(dao)致無反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)輸入信號(hao),與原(yuan)(yuan)理分(fen)析的(de)(de)現(xian)象吻合,在(zai)更換編碼器(qi)后,故(gu)障(zhang)排(pai)除。
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